Roll-call votes
100 records · page 94Complete named roll-call vote history from the European Parliament, including amendments and final main votes — newest first.
Procedure 2022/2083(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2083(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European Council and Council2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied517–57–64official source
Procedure 2022/2172(INI)2 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2172(INI)
2 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- Own Resources: A new start for EU finances. A new start for Europe2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied356–199–65official source
- Own Resources: A new start for EU finances. A new start for Europe2023-05-10result not supplied213–371–38official source
Procedure 2023/2037(BUI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2023/2037(BUI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- Impact on the 2024 EU budget of increasing European Union Recovery Instrument borrowing costs2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied434–99–89official source
Procedure 2022/2082(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2082(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European Parliament2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied500–79–53official source
Procedure 2022/2081(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2081(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - Commission2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied460–129–49official source
Procedure 2022/2132(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2132(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: SESAR Joint Undertaking2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied564–54–5official source
Procedure 2022/2127(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2127(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking (KDT JU)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied563–44–14official source
Procedure 2022/2131(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2131(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (IHI JU)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied568–53–6official source
Procedure 2022/2129(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2129(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy (Fusion for Energy)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied587–24–16official source
Procedure 2022/2128(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2128(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied553–17–60official source
Procedure 2022/2133(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2133(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking (EU-Rail)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied549–41–34official source
Procedure 2022/2130(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2130(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaking2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied578–30–7official source
Procedure 2022/2135(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2135(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th EDFs2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied542–74–2official source
Procedure 2022/2126(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2126(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking (CAJU)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied568–54–4official source
Procedure 2022/2125(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2125(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Circular Bio-based Europe Joint Undertaking (CBE JU)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied569–55–2official source
Procedure 2022/2090(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2090(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European External Action Service2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied544–81–9official source
Procedure 2022/2086(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2086(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European Economic and Social Committee2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied552–79–4official source
Procedure 2022/2084(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2084(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - Court of Justice of the European Union2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied560–75–2official source
Procedure 2022/2085(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2085(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - Court of Auditors2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied626–8–4official source
Procedure 2022/2087(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2087(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - Committee of the Regions2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied558–57–21official source
Procedure 2022/2091(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2091(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European Public Prosecutors Office2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied505–111–9official source
Procedure 2022/2088(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2088(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European Ombudsman2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied606–11–6official source
Procedure 2022/2089(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2089(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General budget of the EU - European Data Protection Supervisor2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied577–21–37official source
Procedure 2022/2096(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2096(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied578–42–17official source
Procedure 2022/2110(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2110(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied577–39–14official source
Procedure 2022/2121(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2121(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied594–17–21official source
Procedure 2022/2120(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2120(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied610–13–14official source
Procedure 2022/2123(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2123(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied509–122–2official source
Procedure 2022/2117(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2117(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (eu-LISA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied587–42–6official source
Procedure 2022/2106(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2106(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied549–57–15official source
Procedure 2022/2115(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2115(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied555–38–36official source
Procedure 2022/2092(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2092(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied552–76–2official source
Procedure 2022/2114(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2114(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Euratom Supply Agency (ESA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied603–14–9official source
Procedure 2022/2109(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2109(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Medicines Agency (EMA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied548–73–5official source
Procedure 2022/2112(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2112(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied548–47–35official source
Procedure 2022/2122(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2122(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied597–16–11official source
Procedure 2022/2100(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2100(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied556–73–1official source
Procedure 2022/2102(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2102(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Environment Agency (EEA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied544–78–4official source
Procedure 2022/2107(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2107(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied576–31–22official source
Procedure 2022/2093(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2093(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Agency for Support for BEREC (BEREC Office)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied547–57–17official source
Procedure 2022/2101(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2101(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied556–66–7official source
Procedure 2022/2104(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2104(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied578–56–4official source
Procedure 2022/2119(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2119(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions (Eurofound)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied554–57–24official source
Procedure 2022/2095(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2095(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied553–78–6official source
Procedure 2022/2113(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2113(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Railways (ERA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied570–36–20official source
Procedure 2022/2097(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2097(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied585–21–26official source
Procedure 2022/2105(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2105(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied511–86–29official source
Procedure 2022/2094(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2094(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union (CdT)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied585–39–6official source
Procedure 2022/2111(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2111(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied553–55–24official source
Procedure 2022/2103(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2103(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied552–73–1official source
Procedure 2022/2116(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2116(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Training Foundation (ETF)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied565–53–7official source
Procedure 2022/2118(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2118(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied563–33–27official source
Procedure 2022/2099(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2099(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Banking Authority (EBA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied556–40–34official source
Procedure 2022/2108(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2108(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Labour Authority (ELA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied511–74–43official source
Procedure 2022/2134(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2134(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: General Budget of the European Union Agencies2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied556–72–4official source
Procedure 2022/2098(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2098(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied492–111–22official source
Procedure 2022/2124(DEC)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2124(DEC)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2021 discharge: European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX)2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied498–82–44official source
Procedure 2022/2204(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2204(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2022 Commission Report on Serbia2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied508–76–37official source
Procedure 2022/2201(INI)8 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2201(INI)
8 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied452–87–76official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied530–43–39official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied513–51–37official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied492–53–62official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied393–171–51official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied101–409–80official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied409–147–64official source
- 2022 Commission Report on Kosovo2023-05-10result not supplied460–76–81official source
Procedure 2016/0062A(NLE)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2016/0062A(NLE)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
- Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence2023-05-10main voteresult not supplied472–62–73official source
Procedure 2016/0062B(NLE)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2016/0062B(NLE)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-10
Procedure 2022/2059(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/2059(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Role of cohesion policy in addressing multidimensional environmental challenges in the Mediterranean Basin2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied564–14–47official source
Procedure 2021/2205(INI)6 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2021/2205(INI)
6 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- School's scheme for fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied534–57–23official source
- School's scheme for fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products2023-05-09result not supplied252–327–40official source
- School's scheme for fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products2023-05-09result not supplied246–328–44official source
- School's scheme for fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products2023-05-09result not supplied488–122–11official source
- School's scheme for fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products2023-05-09result not supplied119–420–79official source
- School's scheme for fruit, vegetables, milk and dairy products2023-05-09result not supplied589–20–7official source
Procedure 2022/2003(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/2003(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Co-management of fisheries in the EU2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied583–10–33official source
Procedure 2023/0062(COD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0062(COD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Specific rules relating to the entry into Northern Ireland from other parts of the United Kingdom of certain consignments of retail goods, plants for planting, seed potatoes, machinery and certain vehicles operated for agricultural or forestry purposes, as well as non-commercial movements of certain pet animals into Northern Ireland2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied619–2–6official source
Procedure 2023/0051(COD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0051(COD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- EU/Euratom/Ukraine Association Agreement: temporary trade liberalisation supplementing trade concessions applicable to Ukrainian products2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied537–42–38official source
Procedure 2022/2023(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/2023(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- New EU Urban Mobility Framework2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied485–31–113official source
Procedure 2023/0063(COD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0063(COD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Application of Union tariff rate quotas and other import quotas to certain products transferred to Northern Ireland2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied617–2–3official source
Procedure 2023/0064(COD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0064(COD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Specific rules relating to medicinal products for human use intended to be placed on the market of Northern Ireland2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied617–3–6official source
Procedure 2022/2058(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/2058(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Standardisation strategy for the single market2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied501–18–41official source
Procedure 2022/2079(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/2079(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Critical technologies for security and defence2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied520–76–31official source
Procedure 2022/2038(INI)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/2038(INI)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Implementation of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied543–40–40official source
Procedure 2023/0068(BUD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0068(BUD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: application EGF/2022/003 ES/Alu Ibérica - Spain2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied585–30–11official source
Procedure 2023/0018(COD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0018(COD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Macro-financial assistance to Moldova2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied561–43–20official source
Procedure 2023/0022(NLE)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0022(NLE)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Accession to the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement on Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied610–11–5official source
Procedure 2022/0377(NLE)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2022/0377(NLE)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0140(COD)1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2023/0140(COD)
1 vote on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Request for urgent procedure: Establishing the Act in Support of Ammunition Production2023-05-09result not supplied518–59–31provider source
Procedure 2021/0423(COD)3 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-09
Procedure 2021/0423(COD)
3 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-09
- Methane emissions reduction in the energy sector2023-05-09main voteresult not supplied499–73–55official source
- Methane emissions reduction in the energy sector2023-05-09result not supplied228–333–65official source
- Methane emissions reduction in the energy sector2023-05-09result not supplied205–328–89official source
Votes on 2023-05-083 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-08
Votes on 2023-05-08
3 votes on this page · newest 2023-05-08
- Ordre du jour de jeudi - Demande du groupe The Left2023-05-08result not supplied137–201–13provider source
- Ordre du jour de mercredi - Demande du groupe The Left2023-05-08result not supplied188–167–4provider source
- Ordre du jour de mercredi - Demande du groupe PPE2023-05-08result not supplied153–195–12provider source
Procedure 2023/2643(RSP)4 votes on this page · newest 2023-04-20
Procedure 2023/2643(RSP)
4 votes on this page · newest 2023-04-20
- The universal decriminalisation of homosexuality in the light of recent developments in Uganda2023-04-20main voteresult not supplied416–62–36official source
- The universal decriminalisation of homosexuality in the light of recent developments in Uganda2023-04-20result not supplied404–80–40official source
- The universal decriminalisation of homosexuality in the light of recent developments in Uganda2023-04-20result not supplied421–77–22official source
- The universal decriminalisation of homosexuality in the light of recent developments in Uganda2023-04-20result not supplied407–80–37official source
Vote data via HowTheyVote.eu (Open Database License), compiled from official European Parliament sources.